Managing Painful Periods: When to See a Gynecologist

Understanding Painful Periods

Menstrual cramps, also called dysmenorrhea, are one of the most common complaints among women of reproductive age. While many expect discomfort during their cycle, not all period pain is “normal.” Some women experience cramps so severe they interfere with daily life, work, or school. The key to managing painful periods is knowing when your symptoms are typical and when they signal an underlying condition that requires medical attention.

Painful periods occur when the uterus contracts to help shed its lining. These contractions are triggered by hormone-like substances called prostaglandins. Higher levels of prostaglandins can cause stronger contractions, leading to more intense pain.

Common Causes of Painful Periods

While mild cramps are normal, severe pain may be linked to:

• Endometriosis: Tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus.

• Fibroids: Noncancerous growths in the uterus.

• Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID): An infection of the reproductive organs.

• Adenomyosis: Tissue from the lining of the uterus grows into the muscular wall.

• IUD Use: Some women may experience heavier or more painful periods after insertion.

When Pain Signals a Problem

You should see a gynecologist if:

• Pain interferes with your ability to function normally

• Over-the-counter medications don’t help

• Your periods are accompanied by excessive bleeding or large clots

• Pain occurs outside of menstruation as well

• Symptoms worsen over time instead of improving

Treatment Options

Depending on the cause, treatment may include:

• Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medications

• Hormonal birth control to regulate or lighten cycles

• IUDs designed to reduce bleeding and cramping

• Physical therapy or lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise

• Surgery in cases of fibroids, endometriosis, or severe adenomyosis

Menstrual pain should not control your life. If cramps are keeping you from living fully, call Miami Women’s Center at (786) 360-4334 to schedule an evaluation and find relief.